Descriptive Essay Sight Word Acquisition - 1401 Words

Sight Word Acquisition Taylor L. Gaines Pace University Teaching Sight Words to Increase Reading Ability Reading abilities, decoding and reading comprehension skills are imperative to academic success. During the early stages of teaching students to read, a common practice is to employ the use of sight words. Worsham (2001) defines sight words as the most frequently used words in the English language that readers automatically recognize without having to use pictures or sounding out techniques. Lists such as the Dorsch List and the Fry’s Instant words list have gained popularity for containing the most commonly used words in the English language. While these lists are vital to sight word†¦show more content†¦The work mat provided pockets for storing the flash cards and reinforcement charts to help keep the students organized. The tutor worked with the students using the flashcards with a â€Å"fold in† method. The fold in method uses ten words at a time, seven words the students can correctly identify, and three words that they cannot. Over time they would remove the words they knew, adding new words to the pile until the last â€Å"new words† were mastered. This exposed them repeatedly to the words when they were recognized and not recognized. The sessions with the students would last for fifteen minutes daily. The tutor would give oral praise when a student said the correct words. Conversely, the tutor would say â€Å"no† and say correct word if the student was incorrect, asking the student to repeat the word. In addition, the tutor would mark whether the student was correct or incorrect on his/her recording form. The students and tutor would collaborate on rewards that would be used with the reinforcement chart. When a student would correctly read a previously unknown word, they would mark off a spot off on their chart. When twelve spots were marked off, they would receive a reward of their choosing. The results indicated that cumulative words acquired had a higher acquisition rate than students without tutoring. Additiona lly, fluency was significantly increased. In short, this Fasko Fasko (2010) determined that if sight word autonomy is improved, oral reading fluency wouldShow MoreRelatedShake It off and Step Up1476 Words   |  6 PagesEN 100 Reflective Argument Essay Second Draft Shake It off and Step Up Unconsciously, it comes to the end of the semester. I’ve learned quite a lot in our EN 100 class, not only in word selection, but also in many aspects such as the use of language and how to connect paragraphs. The most important thing I have learned in this class is the cultural difference between writing in Chinese and writing in English. You might be good at writing Chinese essays, but it doesn’t mean you canRead MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learners22851 Words   |  92 Pagesthat English language learners face, and promising practices for promoting English literacy for English language learners. The report next reviews family literacy programs and special education programs and discusses cross-cutting issues in the acquisition of literacy, including assessments and benchmarks, accommodating multiple levels of English proficient students in literacy instruction, and integrating subject matter into literacy instruction. Finally, it concludes with a plea for additional researchRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14082 Words   |  57 Pagescontinuous or discontinuous? Does one coarse of development characterise all children or are there many possible courses? Are genetic or environmental factors more important in influencing behaviour – nature versus nurture controversy? In this essay I am going to discuss the ideas of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and The Information Processing approach regarding these three aspects Focus and views of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and The Information Processing Approach Vygotsky’s socialRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology14091 Words   |  57 Pagescontinuous or discontinuous? Does one coarse of development characterise all children or are there many possible courses? Are genetic or environmental factors more important in influencing behaviour – nature versus nurture controversy? In this essay I am going to discuss the ideas of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and The Information Processing approach regarding these three aspects Focus and views of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and The Information Processing Approach Vygotsky’s socialRead MoreArt as an Embodied Imagination22095 Words   |  89 Pagesrides). 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Yet Rook (1995) argues that trait tendencies and normative inï ¬â€šuences mediate impulsive actions, so that rationality prevails in the end. Sherry’s (1998) work on Nike Town Chicago (NTC), uses a phenomenologicalRead MoreTEFL Assignment Answers23344 Words   |  94 Pageslearning environment. So, when building lesson plans, I plan on constructing/choosing activities that require student involvement. Since my time working with South Korean English teachers, I have acquired the knowledge of exercising student language acquisition through (1.) speaking, (2.) listening, (3.) reading, and (4.) writing. These four (4) principles are stressed within this educational system; and I do plan on coupling that knowledge with classroom activities that limit my talk time. Let me provideRead MoreHrm Lecture Notes for Pu, Mba 2nd Semester9501 Words   |  39 Pagesstatement of human qualifications necessary to do the job. Usually contains such items: education, experience, training, judgement, initiative, physical effort, physical skills, communication skills, emotional characteristics, sensory demands such as sight, smell, hearing and many others depends upon the nature of job. Uses of Job analysis †¢ HRP- number types of human resource are determined by the jobs which need to be staffed. Job related information is provided by JA. †¢ RecruitmentRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesthat to discuss all aspects of organization which are relevant to adaptation . . . means . . . that one could legitimately discuss everything that has been written about organizations (1965:468). This is, in fact, an understatement, because the last word in the quotation should read collective systems of all kinds. What biologists write about the adaptation of species (for example punctuated equilibrium) can have relevance for our understanding of strategy as position (niche). 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Schools Should Eliminate the Use of Zero-Tolerance...

The public schools of the United States, despite their proud past, are currently experiencing many difficulties. They seem to be under constant scrutiny and pressure to produce higher academic achievement and at the same time are being criticized by large segments of society. It is no secret that the environment which students experience in the public schools has changed greatly over the past twenty to thirty years, but there are many possible reasons for this; most of these explanations do not place the blame squarely on the schools themselves. Public schools are responsible for one thing, however, and that is the manner in which they react to the changes that take place. Prompted by increased discipline problems within school halls,†¦show more content†¦I believe this intention fails on two counts: it does not deter worse events from taking place and is actually a mockery of true justice. First of all, the separate actions encompassed in zero-tolerance policies are often so different--both in intent and possible results--that they are only related in very superficial ways. A student who brings a plastic knife to school to peel an orange is not on the same level as one who brings a machete in his or her backpack; in the former, there is obviously no intent to harm another student, nor would it be possible with such an item. Yet, under a policy of zero-tolerance, the two infractions could be punished in much the same way. The punishment of the lesser offence will almost always be exaggerated, making the crime seem more severe than it actually is; this is, in fact, the thinking behind zero-tolerance policies. Actions like these hardly seem effective in preventing worse things from taking place, as they dont take into account the actual motivation behind why a student might actually bring a weapon to school with the intent to harm others. A student who is willing to put h im- or herself in that position is not likely to stop simply because others have been punished severely for much less severe infractions. I believe the thinking behindShow MoreRelatedHurt, Pain, Physical And Mental Distraught Are Just A Few1597 Words   |  7 Pages† (www.cyberbulling.ca) â€Å"When children in middle school and high school are bullied they may have a greater risk for anxiety, depression, and other stress-related disorder.† (Friedman, 2011). In some cases, some kids have turned to suicide. â€Å"Experts say that kids who are bullied — and the bullies themselves — are at a higher risk for suicidal thoughts, attempts, and completed suicides. Youths who reported lower school performance and lower school attachment were also more likely to be victimizedRead MoreHow Safe Are Our Children At School?1278 Words   |  6 PagesHow safe are our children at school? This question is asked every time we hear about a school violence in the United States. The federal government passed the Zero tolerance policy in 1994 which required students found in possession of guns, knives, drugs and alcohol to be expelled from school. Zero Tolerance policy came into limelight in 1999 Columbine school shooting, where two students killed 13 and injured 24 o thers. Schools have zero tolerance policies to keep the students disciplined and toRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Not Be Mandatory847 Words   |  4 PagesSchool systems have debated for years if they should make school uniforms mandatory for all students. Some parents do not want school systems to mandate uniforms due to pressure from their children to be able to maintain their individuality through clothing, while other parents prefer uniforms to reduce spending money on name brand school clothes and to minimize associations with gangs. More school systems across the United States of America are going to uniforms from grades one through twelve whereRead MoreEveryday Students Of Color Are Denied Their Right To A1640 Words   |  7 Pageseducation due to schools’ harsh disciplinary actions, such as out of school suspension and expulsions. Schools have a responsibility to keep students safe and provide a disciplined learning environment. There is no argument against this, h owever the methods utilized to provide a safe climate defy this common sense. More specifically, zero tolerance policies, which require students to be punished consistently and severely in a punitive nature. Zero tolerance policies arose in school systems during theRead MoreCreating The Positive Learning Environment1871 Words   |  8 Pagesusually comes up is school discipline. For a school to create a safe learning environment and culture that makes students feel welcome, school discipline management needs to be effective. Administrators are usually the school personnel involved with maintaining school discipline. Studies have shown that administrators in charge of school discipline need to flexible, and it is that type of management of discipline that is more favorable than the zero tolerance policy that some schools use. DisciplineRead MoreSchool Law2338 Words   |  10 Pages| Zero Tolerance for Ineffective Zero Tolerance Policies | Can Zero Tolerance be Tolerated? | | Terrance Baker | LAWS310 | 12/14/2009 | Students are being handcuffed, arrested and expelled for possession of a butter knife or water gun, punishment that disproportionately targets African-American students, students being alienated and never returning to school after being suspended or expelled are all byproducts of the zero tolerance policies adopted by their school district. SchoolRead MoreMinimum Tolerance Policies : Zero Tolerance, Zero Education1879 Words   |  8 PagesNovember, 2015 Zero Tolerance Policies: Zero Tolerance, Zero Education The school to prison pipeline is a growing issue in schools around the world today. The school to prison pipeline is becoming larger and larger each year due to the zero tolerance policies held by many schools. Zero tolerance policies have been proven to be very ineffective in bad schools who use them as a way to get rid of disruptive students. Alongside with being proven ineffective the zero tolerance policies also damage andRead MoreCharters Schools Are Unique In The Sense That They Are1407 Words   |  6 PagesCharters schools are unique in the sense that they are able to mold a system that will be effective and thus lead to successful students. What is needed to create an effective school is debatable and can range from a variety of different things thus resulting in a variety of different schools. In creating my own charter school I feel that bringing together different elements would work to create an ideal school. Schools are complex and I feel that it is essential to pay att ention to different factorsRead MoreUnderage Drinking851 Words   |  4 Pageswith high school students, but also with younger generations. Drinking is all over the television, the radio, and talked about in schools, public places, etc. Alcohol advertisements are more and more appealing to younger generations. If our youth is educated at a younger age, if school policies were stricter, and if clubs and bars cracked down on underage drinking the problem would not be as serious. Youth should be well educated about consumption of alcohol well before middle school. By the timeRead MoreEssay on Report On Youth Violence2876 Words   |  12 Pagesviolence, it is important to note that, statistically speaking, schools are among the safest places for children to be. Final Report, Bi Partisan Working Group on Youth Violence 106th Congress, February 2000 Public policy towards children has moved towards treating them more like adults and in ways that increasingly mimic the adult criminal justice system. The most recent version of this movement is so-called quot;zero tolerancequot; in schools, where theories of punishment that were once directed to

Program Planning and Evaluation Free Essays

Program planning is the starting blue prints or structure of a new program or even used to improve a program already in place. Program planning involves research, making goals, setting up objectives in order to meet goals and gathering information. Program planning also includes information about the budget such as how much it will cost in order to provide the services intended by the program. We will write a custom essay sample on Program Planning and Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Program planning tells us what the problem is, who the program targeted population is, where are the targeted population demographically located, and why there is a problem. Program planning involves a lot of thought and information collected by the staff and where available the clients as well. Program planning determines what obstacles the program may encounter along the way and plans to work around the obstacles. Program planning should be done carefully and thoroughly because as a blue print for a program we would like the finishing product to be very well built and organized with a great finished product. Program evaluation is the ongoing collection of data which the staff of the program can take into consideration when making changes for necessary improvements or for future planning of the program. Program evaluations show the staff the strong points of the program they may wish to leave alone and also the weak points of the program they may need to make stronger. Program evaluation is important because it helps to keep the program running smoothly in order to meet their goals and provide sufficient services to the community and clients that the program serves. Program planning and program evaluations work together in order to make a program effective and efficient. Program planning does not stop just because a program is up and running since there will always be changes that need to be made as the program grows and needs to meet the demands of more clients and becomes a bigger part of the community it serves. Therefore program evaluations continue to help keep the program planning on a proper level and help the staff make decisions needed in order to meet demands and still plan goals and objectives successfully. The scenario I have chosen to work with this year is the PEACE Domestic Violence Agency. I believe that both program planning and program evaluation interrelate in this scenario because there is a growing problem with violence in the city of Portland and without action it will probably become worse. There needs to be a program in place in order to give any means of help to the community that can be offered and that will require program planning. The continuous changes of needs, and the need to ensure effectiveness is going to require the implementation of program evaluations in order to help measure the success and continue make the success rates higher. The technical aspects of program planning should consist of inputs to outputs that would in turn provide the community the social justice needed. I believe that the technical aspects are to make a crisis hotline available which would provide 24 hour access to a staff member who can help. I believe that there should be qualified counselors staffed within the program in order to help the individual to identify needs and also to obtain protection orders if necessary. I think that having a shelter or an affiliated shelter would be helpful because some clients are going to need a place to stay and receive a chance at a fresh start through transitional housing. Further I believe that technical aspects would be to also get some community awareness started about violence and ways to prevent it. This can be a fun community activity during which individuals learn to look out for one another instead of hurting one another or turning the other way while someone else is hurt. On the other hand there needs to be rehabilitation for the individuals who act violently. Enabling them to lead a better life and teaching them to protect others instead of causing harm. Aspects that can affect the program planning and evaluation process are that there might be some people still too afraid to come forward and fight for the changes that benefit them. They might have their doubts that the program will work because the violence rates are so high and so many people have failed to fully help them. A person who has been a victim might be inclined to move on but become victim again. A person hurting others may be inclined to feel there is no need for them to get help. The way these aspects can affect the program planning and program evaluation are because they are obstacles that would prevent the program from becoming successful and promoting a better outcome for individuals and the community. In order to prevent hindering the program we have to find other ways to get through and rebuttal the situations. Political aspect of the program planning and evaluation would be to ask for harder punishment for those who are on the violent side of the fence. I would also ask for more police involvement in the community and if needed be the hiring of more police authority in the area to help in lowering the amount of time it takes to get to a situation involving violence. I would ask for education about violence to be implemented through school systems and jail or prison facilities to raise the possibility of positive changes. I would ask for cameras to be placed at stop lights and in other areas where road rage was the worst in order to help in providing proper apprehending of drivers who have a problem. These aspects could affect planning and evaluation of the program because political authorities might not feel there is enough violence to take action. It also could affect the planning and evaluation because the political authorities might not have the funds to provide the help needed. The political authorities might agree to the needs but on lesser terms. This would mean that in order to have success rates we are looking for we need to find other ways to get the help needed. How to cite Program Planning and Evaluation, Papers

Patrick Suskind free essay sample

Suskind Introduction To be a skilled and recognized writer, one must be able to effectively recreate emotions that readers everywhere will embody as the story progresses; one must also create a setting that gives the story an atmosphere that transports the readers into the world in which the story takes place. In the case of Best-selling German author Patrick Suskind, he falls nothing short of a literary master mind whose novels send readers on thrilling adventures time and time again. Suskind’s writing technique truly creates vivid images for the reader and allows the reader to experience the same emotions as the characters involved. The writer behind the success Patrick Suskind is a German novelist whose literary works have given him international success. Born on March 26, 1949 in Ambach, Germany; Suskind quickly started his path towards a bright career. At a young age, Patrick aspired to be a concert pianist; though his father Wilhelm Emanuel Suskind, and Brother Martin E. We will write a custom essay sample on Patrick Suskind or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Suskind were both journalists, Patrick then changed his aspirations and followed in their footsteps. From 1968 to 1974, Suskind studied medieval and modern history at the University of Munich, as well as the University of Aix-en-Provence in France. In 1985 Suskind made his litterarry debut with the release of his first novel â€Å"Perfume: The story of a murderer†. This novel takes place in 18th century France and tells the story of Jean-Baptist Grenouille, a perfume maker born with an extremely heightened sense of smell. Jean-Baptist’s quest to create the perfect scent drives him to begin murdering women across the country in order to capture their scent. This obsession of his derives from the fact that he himself has no scent of his own. Patrick’s work became a great success worldwide. Translated into 46 different languages, and adapted into the 2006 film of the same name; this novel quickly established him as one of the most popular German writers of the 1980’s. Following the success of his first novel, Patrick then released his 1988 novel entitled â€Å"The Pigeon†, which dramatizes a day in the life of Bank security guards Jonathan Noel and the nervous breakdown he goes through when an uninvited pigeon nest in front of his door. This novel is often said to resemble Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Raven†. In present times, it is said that Patrick lives a reclusive lifestyle moving back and forth from Munich, Germany and Paris, France. Life and times in the 1980’s In the years Patrick published his novels, events from across the globe were capturing the attention of society of that decade. For example, in 1985 – the year Suskind published his first novel – citizens of the world stood in astonishment as the shipwreck of the famous vessel Titanic was discovered on September 1st. Also while in the midst of writing his second novel, people around the globe came together to mourn the tragic deaths of 260 passengers aboard Pan Am’s flight 103 from London to New York on November 3rd 1988. A picture worth a thousand words The purpose of a fictional novel is to paint on the canvas of the reader’s imagination; to create an atmosphere that gives the story more depth and intrigues the reader even more. Patrick’s novels achieve that objective; he uses his literary skill to create atmospheres that further enhances the reader’s experience. Firstly, in Suskind’s novel â€Å"Perfume: The story of a murderer†, he creates an atmosphere of 18th century France in which the story takes place. â€Å"I N S E R T Q U O T E H E R E†. Patrick paints an accurate picture of Paris in renaissance France which subsequently beautifies the reading experience.

The Great Person Theory Is it a Valid Interpretation of History

Introduction The great person theory explains how great people shaped the history of the world. The noble abilities of the great persons had decisive impact on the course of the history. On this theory, Thomas Carlyle asserts that, â€Å"the history of the world is but the bibliography of great men.†1 The great persons in the history contributed to the current course of the history because without them, there would be no decisive historical impacts on the current society.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Great Person Theory: Is it a Valid Interpretation of History? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thomas Carlyle studied historical heroes and he realized that their heroic activities influenced greatly the course of the history, so he believes that by exploring their lives and activities will help the current society to shape its own future. The modern society regards and rewards the great heroes bec ause their heroism not only affects their lives, but also the society, thus shaping the history. This supports the great person theory that the course of history is due to the influence of great persons. The great Roman and Greek heroes had significance influence on course of the history for they shaped various aspects of life such as political, scientific, religious, and economic aspects amongst others. Thomas Carlyle argues that, â€Å"†¦all things that we see standing accomplished in the world are properly the outer material result, the practical realization and embodiment of thoughts, that dwelt in the great man sent into this world.†2 He emphasizes that every outstanding accomplishment in the current society originated from the thoughts of the great persons and he refers to these great persons as leaders, modelers, and even creators of the history and the future. This paper explores how the great Roman and Greek heroes: Themistocles, Caesar, Pericles, and Nero shap ed the course of history in their respective empires in validation the great person theory. Themistocles In validation of the great person theory, Themistocles was a great man who shaped the history of Greece. His birth was controversial because many thought he was an illegitimate child. In his childhood, he had great influence because â€Å"he persuaded several of the young men of high birth to accompany him to anoint and exercise themselves together at Cynosarges, an ingenious device for destroying distinction between the noble and the base-born.†3 Since Themistocles was a base-born, he wanted to make his birth legitimate by anointing and exercising at the Cynosarges. His friends admired the heroic abilities he had already demonstrated in his childhood because he was strong, inspiring, and very ambitious in shaping the history of Greece. The potential and abilities of a great man appeared in his childhood, a harbinger of a hero who will shape the course of the history. Ari stides, who was a great rival of Themistocles, harbored a lot of hatred when he saw â€Å"him stirring up the people to all kinds of enterprises, and introducing various innovations.†4 He had unique abilities for he spent most of his time alone because he did not want interferences from his companions. In the course of his life to shape the history of Greece, he studied natural philosophy and entered into politics.Advertising Looking for term paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Themistocles plunged into the political affairs of Greece making tremendous reformation that had marked political shift. As he pursued his dream, his father and mother disowned him because he joined politics; nevertheless, this did not deter his passion to become a politician. â€Å"It is evident that his mind was early imbued with the keenest interest in the public affairs, and the most passionate ambition for distinction. †5 His passion to attain the highest political position stirred a lot of criticism and hatred from the powerful political figures in the city of Athens yet he continued to increase in popularity and influence. His great political actions and innovations surprised his political opponents particularly the Aristides. â€Å"Gradually growing to be great, and winning the favor of the people, he at last gained the day with his faction over that of Aristides, and procured his banishment by ostracism.†6 The great hero was now in decisive stage to determine the history of Greece as powers was upon his hands to exercise them to the fullest. Since the trophy of Miltiades disturbed him so much when he was young, his determination was to ensure that the Greece win the imminent battles. Many of his friends thought that, the battle of Marathon would not last, but on contrary, he â€Å"thought that it was but the beginning for far greater conflicts, and for these, to the benefit of al l Greece, he kept to himself in continual readiness, and his city also in proper training, foreseeing from far what would happen.†7 In his first political influence, he managed to persuade the Athenians to stop sharing revenue but use them in building war ships. Themistocles wanted to use the war ships in repelling hostile neighbors like Persians who have dominated the sea and enhance the power of Greece in commanding the sea. The impending war between the Greece and the Persians prompted him to use his political powers in influencing military logistics. Themistocles becomes a political hero for he managed to influence political history of Greece. The greatest achievement of Themistocles is the military legacy he left for Greece. When the Persia threatened Greece to submit to her power, â€Å"the Athenians were in consultation of who should be general, and many withdrew themselves of their own accord, being terrified with the greatness of the danger.†8Advertising W e will write a custom term paper sample on The Great Person Theory: Is it a Valid Interpretation of History? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to the threatening circumstance, Themistocles did not trust the command of Epicydes for the imminent danger required a general with courage who would fight tactfully and tirelessly. With his heroic ability, he took over as a commander of Athenian forces when he killed Persian interpreter and â€Å"he immediately endeavored to persuade the citizens to leave the city, and to embark upon their galleys, and meet with the Persians at a great distance from Greece.†9 The Athenian citizens and forces followed Themistocles’ commands and gathered themselves at the sea in preparation for the war. He commanded the Athenian forces proving that â€Å"he was the chief means of the deliverance of Greece, and gained the Athenians the glory of alike surpassing their enemies in valor, and their confederates in wisdom.†10 By commanding the Athenian forces to achieve victory against the Persia, he shaped the military history of the Greece. Themistocles was distressed when he saw the Persian armies growing stronger. â€Å"He proposed a decree that those who were banished for a time might return again, to give assistance by word and deed to the cause of Greece with the rest of their fellow-citizens.†11 He did this when he realized that ostracized Aristides played an important role in the Athenian military. Knowing the threats and the interests of king Xerxes, he decided to use tactics in directing the Persian armies to the strategic fighting ground, Salamis. He sent a Persian captive, Sucinnus to tell king Xerxes that, â€Å"the Greeks were ready to make their escape, and that he counseled him to hinder their flight, to set upon them while they were in this confusion and at a distance from their land army.†12 Themistocles won the battle of Salamis by using psychological tactics to deceive king Xerxes. Therefore, Themistocles left political and military legacy to the country of Greece thus shaping the history as a great man. Caesar The bibliography of Caesar depicts the history of Rome for her was a great hero who shaped the history of Rome. He grew up under the dictatorship of Sylla who was the master of Rome. He was among the prisoners who were ready for execution, but he fortunately survived when Sylla overlooked because â€Å"so many were to be put to death, and there was so much to do.†13 Even in the face of death, he did not keep quiet for he actively campaigned to become a priest. During his youth, he displayed the courage of a great man who would shape the history of Rome. After his release, he went into exile where he learned military skills. â€Å"The first proof he had of the people’s good will to him was when he received by their suffrages a tribune-ship in the army, and came out on the list with a higher pla ce than Caius Popilius.†14 When Caesar came back from exile, he revived Marius faction in order to fight Sylla faction, which was in the government. In fighting the government, Caesar displayed a lot of courage given that his life was in the hands of Sylla. To do this, â€Å"he ordered images of Marius and figures of Victory, with trophies in their hands, to be carried privately in the night and placed in the capitol.†15 His courage to attack Sylla openly attracted many people and increased tension between Sylla and Marius factions making him achieve his objective. His followers were very happy demonstrating in the streets extolling him as a great man.Advertising Looking for term paper on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From then Caesar dared to face Sylla and began his campaign for their Marius’s party. Caesar demonstrated his greatness when he campaigned to become a priest because his opponents were men of great influence in the senate while he was just an ordinary man. With determination, he predicted his priesthood when he told his mother, â€Å"to-day you will see me either high priest or an exile.†16 Caesar became a hero and made history when he attained priesthood amidst intense opposition. Caesar went to Spain and discovered that he had great potential in military and drew his political strategies of becoming the first man in Rome. He depicted his determination by saying that, â€Å"I have not just cause to weep, when I consider that Alexander at my age had conquered so many nations, and I have all this time done nothing that is memorable.†17 He was a great man who wanted to shape the history Rome. With the help of his two friends, Pompey and Crassus, Caesar managed to attain consulship, the highest office in Rome. In his consulship office, he formulated bills concerning division of land and plantation of colonies in order to assist the poor. In consulship, he left the legacy of enacting laws to assist the poor hence shaping the Roman society. When his term of consulship expired, Caesar was still strong and determined to shape the history of Rome. This time he vied for a position of a governor of Gaul with military intention of subduing neighboring states. â€Å"His first war in Gaul was against the Helvetians and Tigurini, who having burnt their own towns, twelve in number, and four hundred villages, would have marched forward through that part of Gaul.†18 He obtained the military skills from Spain and in Rhodes in exile. Caesar wanted the armies to ensure that he enlarged Gaul territory and he fought passionately saying that, â€Å"when I have won the battle, I will use my horse for the chase, but at present let us go against the enemy. †19 He portrayed his heroic passion for war by invading neighboring states in a bid to expand his territory. Caesar continued to expand his territory, skillfully protecting it from the threat of invasion by any nation. The prophecies of the Germans annoyed Caesar as they were waiting for the new moon to appear so that they can attack the Romans. â€Å"Caesar having had intimation of this, and seeing the Germans lie still, thought it expedient to attack them whilst they were under these apprehensions, rather than sit still and wait their time.†20 Then, he launched his second conquest and destroyed the German armies slaying thousands of them along the Rhine. Caesar military prowess had marked historical influence and shaped subsequent military systems of Rome. The Nervii who were the most powerful tribe of Celtic Belgae threatened to attack Roman armies. Caesar did not hesitate, â€Å"he led his army against the Nervii, the fiercest and most warlike people of all in thos e parts.†21 Despite their preparedness, the Roman armies attacked and conquered them. â€Å"Pompey never observed how Caesar was using the arms of Rome in effecting his conquests, and gaining over and securing to himself the favor of the Romans with the wealth which those conquests obtained him.†22 Pompey criticized Caesar for misusing the Roman military forces in pursuing his selfish interests and demanded that he disband his private armies for his term as the governor of Gaul was ending. Pompey and Caesar interests in the military resulted into civil war where their armies fought but eventually, Caesar exiled Pompey and destroyed his armies. Caesar became the great military commander who shaped the military history of Rome. Caesar left both political and military legacy to the Roman society. His greatest achievements revolve mostly around military conquests for he commanded his armies in conquering numerous battles. The military conquests of Germans, Pompey, Nervii, a nd the battle of Alesia shaped the military history and the future of the Roman society. Caesar is a hero who fought many battle and won as many, because he was courageous and full of potential. Basing on his historical achievements in shaping the course of the Rome military and political progress, Romans owe him a lot. The experiences of the Caesar support the great person theory that the history of Rome is just but a bibliography of one great person viz. Caesar. Pericles In support of the great person theory, Pericles made significant contribution to the course of Greek history. He was a Greek hero who had a noble birth since he was born in the family, which had a lot of influence in Athens. He became a noble man with a noble character. The Athenians poets praised and â€Å"furnished him most especially with a weight and grandeur of sense, superior to all arts of popularity, and in general gave him his elevation and sublimity of purpose and of character.†23 Many of his cont emporaries admired him as he had extraordinary esteem and unique character. Pericles was a powerful orator who appealed to many people as they described his abilities in language as â€Å"composure of countenance, and a serenity and calmness in all his movements, which no occurrence whilst he was speaking could disturb a sustained and even tone of voice, which produced the greatest effect on his hearers.†24 His oratory skills earned him great fame in the Athenian society hence had more influence as compared to his opponents. With his fame, he entered into political realm where he met great heroes like Themistocles and Cimon for he also wanted to shape the history of Athens. New and young to be in the political realm, Pericles was determined to be another great hero like Themistocles and Cimon. In the city of Athens, there were two political factions, Thucydides and Pericles. Pericles and his faction struggled to gain supremacy and eventually, â€Å"Thucydides was overpowered , and the whole affairs of the state and government came into the hands of Pericles.†25 Then, Pericles gained a foothold to wield his political influence against Cimon. His ascension into power elicited mixed reactions among the citizens, as they perceived him as a tyrant due his facial appearance and background influence of great people. Taking an advantage of the death of Aristides and absence of Cimon due to foreign expeditions, â€Å"Pericles, seeing things in this posture, now advanced and took his side, not with the rich and few, but with the many and poor, contrary to his natural bent, which was far from democracy.†26 Pericles utilized this opportunity to launch his political strategies against Cimon. Pericles unleashed his deadly attack to Cimon by breaking down the council of Areopagus, which was the strong hold of Cimon. Therefore, â€Å"Pericles, having secured his power in interest with the populace, directed the exertions of his party against this council with such success.†27 He managed to weaken Cimon and banish him together with his friends after accusing them as traitors for he perceived they had conspired against him with the enemies. By banishing Cimon for ten years, he received criticisms that his rule was â€Å"an aristocratically government, that went by the name of a democracy, but was, indeed, the supremacy of a single great man, while many others say, on the contrar.†28 The death of Ephialtes increased the freedom of Pericles to exercise his power in shaping the history of Athens until his death, even though they accused him of dictatorship that deteriorated Athenian democracy. Pericles did not only influence the political realm, but also influenced the military history of Athens. Pericles was annoyed and threatened his enemies saying that, â€Å"Greece cannot but resent it as an insufferable affront, and consider her to be tyrannized over openly, when she sees the treasure, which was contributed by her upon a necessity for the war.†29 Pericles prepared to wage war with the barbarians and he â€Å"informed the people, that they were in no way obliged to give any account of those moneys to their allies, so long as they maintained their defense, and kept off the barbarians from attacking them.†30 He employed defensive strategy to exhaust and weaken barbarians’ military strength and resources so that he can successfully defeat them. Pericles enhanced the Athenian military power when he issued a decree summoning Greeks from various parts of the world to, â€Å"send their deputies to Athens to a general assembly, or convention, there to consult and advice concerning the Greek temples which the barbarians had burnt down.†31 The general assembly discussed issues concerning the security and military capacity of the Athens to protect her citizens, safety navigation of the sea and security of her trade. After the deliberations of the national assembly, Pericles â€Å" turned his forces against the revolters and passing over into the island of Euboea with fifty sail of ships and five thousand men in arms, he reduced their cities, and drove out the citizens of the Chalcidians.†32 In the war, he displayed the mighty armies of Athens under his heroic command. The greatest military achievement of Pericles happened when he fought the battle of Peloponnesian. Here he used his defensive tactics; for instance, during the war he â€Å"was not at all moved by any attacks, but took all patiently, and submitted in silence to the disgrace they threw upon him and the ill-will they bore him; and, sending out a fleet of a hundred galleys to Peloponnesus.†33 He participated in this war and become a hero as he â€Å"stayed behind, that he might watch at home and keep the city under his own control, till the Peloponnesians broke up their camp and were gone.†34 Therefore, Pericles became a military hero who ruled and commanded Athenian armies in shaping the history of Athens. Nero Nero validates the great person theory since he shaped the course of the Roman Empire history. He was a Roman emperor who ruled the expansive Roman Empire with great influence. His genealogy shows that he was born in a family with good reputation and influence, but he â€Å"degenerated from the good qualities of his ancestors, he yet reproduced the vices of each of them, as if transmitted to him by natural inheritance.†35 Nero is famous due to his negative influence in the course of Roman Empire history. He grew up and became exceedingly rich because â€Å"he did not only recover his father’s property, but he also enriched himself by an inheritance from his stepfather, Passienus Crispus.†36 With his richness, he joined into politics of the Roman Empire since he had a background of royal family. The death of his uncle, Emperor Claudius heralded his ascension into powers at the age of seventeen years. â€Å"Hailed emperor on th e steps of the Palace, he was carried in a litter to the Praetorian camp, and after a brief address to the soldiers was taken from there to the Curia.†37 Nero became hero for he achieved to be an emperor of the Roman Empire at the age of seventeen, making history because he become the youngest emperor ever to have ruled an empire. â€Å"To make his good intentions still more evident, he declared that he would rule according to the principles of Augustus, and he let slip no opportunity for acts of generosity and mercy, or even for displaying his affability.†38 He ruled four consulships and delegated administrative responsibilities to the senate according to his orders, which shaped the Roman Empire administration policy. In his administration he did not allow his advisers to influence his decision through discussion, so he â€Å"had each of them give his opinion in written form; these he read silently and in private and then gave a verdict according to his own inclinati on, as if it were the view of the majority.†39 Julius Vindex, the governor of Gaul revolted against the leadership of Nero and refused to pay taxes. â€Å"At last he was driven by numerous insulting edicts of Vindex, to urge the Senate in a letter to avenge him and the state, alleging a throat trouble as his excuse for not appearing in person.†40 Britain and Armenia formed allies against Nero and when he realized that there were impending misfortunes, he planned â€Å"to depose and assassinate the commanders of the armies and the governors of the provinces, on the ground that they were all united in a conspiracy against him.†41 Nero was a cruel and horrific leader who did not even trust his allies. Nero lost sight in his leadership and resorted to the desperate measures of assassinating his allies making a history of a bad commander. He also lost his morals because he killed his uncle, Emperor Claudius in order to attain power, killed his mother because of his im morality, and even married his stepsister. Therefore, the negative and dark history of the Roman Empire is a bibliography of Nero. Conclusion The great person theory is a valid interpretation of history since history is the cumulative achievements of great people who made exceptional contribution to the world. The great persons used their talents, knowledge, abilities, and wisdom to shape the course of history of their states, nations, empires and even the whole world. The achievements of the great persons shaped the course of history during their time because their actions had direct influence in the society. Now the course of history depends on their achievements as models and lessons for generations to come. The great men and heroes of the history who shaped the Greek and Roman Empires proved the great persons theory that, history is indeed the bibliography of great men. The bibliography of the great men of the Greek empire, Themistocles and Pericles define the course of ancient Greek Empire history. Their achievements portray economic, military, cultural, and political profile of their empires. On the other hand, the bibliography of the Roman Empire heroes, Nero and Caesar, define the course of history of the empire. Their great achievements did shape their course of history and the current society by extension, obtains invaluable lessons applicable to current crisis. Since the great achievements of great persons are shaping the course and destiny of the modernity, the contemporary society owes them a lot. Footnotes 1Thomas Carlyle. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History. New York: Harvard University, 1841. 2Thomas Carlyle. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History. 3John Dryden. â€Å"Themistocles.† The Internet Classic Archive. 2009. Web.. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/themisto.html 4John Dryden.†Themistocles† 5John Dryden. †Themistocles† 6John Dryden. †Themistocles† 7John Dryden. †Th emistocles† 8John Dryden.†Themistocles† 9John Dryden. †Themistocles† 10 John Dryden. †Themistocles† 11John Dryden. †Themistocles† 12John Dryden.†Themistocles† 13 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† The Internet Classic Archive. 2009. Web. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html 14 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 15 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 16 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 17 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 18 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 19 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 20 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 21 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 22 John Dryden. â€Å"Caesar† 23 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† The Internet Classic Archive.2009. Web.. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/pericles.html/ 24 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 25 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 26 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 27 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 28 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles † 29 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 30 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 31 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 32 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 33 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 34 John Dryden. â€Å"Pericles† 35 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† Internet Ancient History Sourcebook, 2000. Web..  http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suet-nero-rolfe.html/ 36 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 37 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 38 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 39 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 40 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† 41 Paul Halsall. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† Works Cited Carlyle, Thomas. On Heroes, Hero-Worship and the Heroic in History. New York: Harvard University, 1841. Dryden, John. â€Å"Caesar† The Internet Classic Archive, 2009. Web.. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/caesar.html Dryden, John. â€Å"Pericles.† The Internet Classic Archive, 2009. Web..  http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/pericles.html Dryden, John. â€Å"Themistocles.† The Internet Classic Archive, 2009. Web.. http://classics.mit.edu/Plutarch/themisto.html Halsall, Paul. â€Å"Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum – Nero.† Internet Ancient History  Sourcebook, 2000. Web.. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/ancient/suet-nero-rolfe.html This term paper on The Great Person Theory: Is it a Valid Interpretation of History? was written and submitted by user Ainsley Owen to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Care For Patient Undergoing A Ileostomy Nursing Essay The patient involved was supposed to make care of an ileostomy. In this scenario, the patient must eat a well balanced diet regularly and also drink at least six glasses of water. The patient should also try about six small meals per day instead of three large meals. The patient should also insist on eating solid food before taking in any liquid to avoid gurgling in the stomach. Food such as garlic, onions, cabbage, broccoli or asparagus may produce odor. Even if the pouch is odor proof, eating this type of food may create a strong odor while emptying the pouch. It is therefore advisable for the patient to avoid these kinds of foods. Meals with parsley, buttermilk and yogurt can reduce the odor. Thought I intended to reduce the odor that comes as result of the food that the patient may be consuming ignorantly. The odor generates a lot of comfort to the patient and even those who are around him and this can easily lead to stigmatization of the same patients who wanted a close monitoring to ensure quick recovery. Feelings. The feeling at the time was that of sympathy because most of the patients with this condition are highly stigmatized not because of their wish but because of their ignorance. The reason why i designed this schedule was to ensure that such kind of situations is minimized. Evaluation Everything went as planned with a few mistakes due to little exposure to these form of treatment to the patient. Most patients have not been exposed to this kind of medical care and therefore very few of them know either nothing or little about the condition. Fear is a major concern to the patient with some of them still sticking to their traditions and thinking that certain practices are considered taboos in their culture Analysis The reason why there was some success is because of the cooperation by the target patient and also some education on the benefits that are going to be realized if the patient sticks to the highlighted rules e.g. avoiding certain types of food to stop the smell. This was mainly influenced positively by the use of examples and close monitoring of the same patient. Examples highly motivated the patients and giving them chances to test on the issue. Reframe The alternative to this situation is the use of force especially if the patient refuses to follow or adhere to instructions as it was in many cases. Use of force can make most patients to stick to the rules and adapt to them with time. Future action From this case, it is advisable that before any kind of teaching is perform, it is imperative that the patient be thoroughly exposed to some of the practices the are going to help him or her to an easy time during the teaching. The mode of teaching should not entail much detail but just an overview of the practices that are intended to be adhered to on a regular basis by the patient. Reflective account Various gastrointestinal and genitourinary etiologies may need the creation of urinary or fecal diversion. These may include inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, intestinal obstruction, colon-rectal cancer, gynecological cancers and gastrointestinal trauma (Beitz, 2004). Indications for coming up with the urinary stoma include; neurogenic bladder, bladder cancer, refractory radiation cystitis and interstitial cystitis. The cause of the disease will determine if the condition will be a temporary or permanent one (Thomas McGinnis, 2004). Among various types of surgically created ostomies, colostomy involves the opening made on the large intestine to allow for the passage of stool. The location of colostomy can be in sigmoid, transverse or ascending position. In this case, surgical resection will ultimately determine the stool output consistency. Ileostomy is a surgical construction from the small intestine and it is located high in the gastrointestinal route hence the stool output is comparatively of high quantity and liquid consistency (Gordon and Vasilevsky, 2004). Ileal conduit or urostomy is made using a short portion of the ileum to assist in urine elimination. Ureters are connected to conduit to allow urine to flow out of the body into ostomy pouch through the stoma (McGinnis Tomaselli, 2004). Whether the ostomy is temporary or permanent, nurses must posses the knowledge to give the patient and the family the necessary information to improve recovery and enable a positive experience when obtaining information about ostomy care. Patient Education Any patient who is scheduled for an ostomy surgery can experience a number of feelings like fear, anxiety, depression and loss of body image especially if the cause of the surgery is a diagnosis related to cancer. Pre operative teachings assist the patient by receiving these feelings and contribute to quick recovery of the patient (Oshea, 2001). A very important ingredient in the teaching procedure before the operation is the Wound Ostomy and Continence Nurse (WOCN). Counseling before the operation allows for the assessment of the patients knowledge about the disease, support systems, level of education, employment, physical activity involvement, financial concerns and hobbies. Assessment of any physical shortcomings is also necessary because poor manual dexterity, poor vision and loss of hearing may affect the patients ability to undertake ostomy self care. Patients spiritual and cultural beliefs should be also assessed because certain particular rituals concerning ostomy care may n eed to be taken in. Employing all these factors can assist the patient to recover successfully and feel confident in managing the condition (Oshea, 2001). WOCN reviews the cause of the disease, stoma characteristics, surgical procedure, peristomal skin care, dietary considerations and a variety of ostomy appliances. If appropriate teaching proceedings may enable the patient to have an insight of the ostomy pouching system. Use of teaching booklets and illustrations helps to improve the education. Another component of preoperative teaching is the stoma site marking. This is recommended for all who are set to undergo a permanent or temporary stoma (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). A poorly located stoma on the patients abdomen can lead to peristomal skin complications, stool and urine leakage, stoma, emotional and physical stress for the patient. During stoma site marking, there is abdomen assessment with the patient in sitting standing and lying positions. Also the abdomen can be assessed for the skin folds, bony, creases, scars and prominences. Patients belt and line should be avoided from the stoma site and not affect any prosthetic devices. The stoma site should also be put in an area that the patient can visualize and access. Ideal stoma site is situated in the anal muscle that extends to symphysis from the xyphoid process (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). Nursing Education In stoma assessment the patient must enter the operating room with the pouching system on stoma. Immediately after the operation the, a transparent pouch is recommended to enable the nurse to have a view of stoma characteristics and stool and urine presence (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). Initially after the operation period, the stoma can appear edematous, red, shiny and moist. In general terms, the stoma is red to pink in color according to tissue that was used in construction. Brown to dark color may show stoma ischemia and the consultations must be made with the physician. The shape of the stoma ranges from round to oval. It changes its shape and size in a period of six to eight weeks after the surgery. Since the stoma decreases in size with time, the nurse must use a skin barrier that has been cut to fit to the stoma (Goldberg and Carmel, 2004). For the first six to eight weeks after the surgery, measurements of the stoma should be taken each time the barrier of the skin is changed. Measuring guides are provided to measure round stomas, oval stomas will need the length and width measurements of the stoma (Colwell, 2004). Lack of sphincter by the stoma to regulate the passage of urine or stool, then the opening should be placed near the center of the stoma to aid the flow of urine and stool (McCann, 2002). The stoma may not or may protrude out of the skin surface. Stomal protrusion varies from a flush stoma at the skin level to a moderate one which is about 1-3 cm in length (Erwin-Toth and Doughty, 2002). Actually, stoma protrusion should be at least 0.8 inches above the skin level (Colwell, 2004). Protruding stoma helps urine and stool to flow into the pouch directly. A flush stoma is not suitable because it can cause difficulties when skin barrier attaches to it and leakage of stool below the skin barrier leading to peristomal skin irritations. The stoma output is determined by the location of ileostomy. The output resulting form the ascending colon produces a semi liquid consistency whereas the one from the transverse colon produces a semi-liquid to pasty consistency and the one located in a sigmoid or descending colon will be more of a solid stool (McCann, 2002). An Ileostomy stool output is constant and watery with a lot of digestive salt and digestive enzymes. At the initial postoperative stages, the stool may be greenish and thick. The stool output from Ileostomy range from 800-1,700 cc in one day (Colwell 2004). When the patient comes back to the regular diet, there is development of the stool consistency from the ileum and a reduced out put in a daily basis ranging from 500-800cc/day. With time the small intestines recovers and with a decrease in stool output (McCann, 2002). Urine is immediately produced after the surgery by the Ileal conduit stomas. It is usually normal for the urine to be blood-tinged after the operation. Also the small intestines produce mucous which may be seen in urine (Colwell, 2003). Peristomal skin care involves the protection of the peristomal from coming into contact with the urine and stool to stop the occurrence of peristomal skin complications. Skin barrier needs to be properly measured to suit the stoma. If the skin barrier opening is too large, urine or stool will cause irritation on the peristomal skin area. The opening should not be more than 2cm larger than the size of the stoma. Cleanliness of the peristomal skin can be done by gently using warm water then dry it. Moisturizing soaps must be avoided because they affect negatively the skin barrier attachment. Male patients need to be taught trimmed peristomal using electric razor, scissors and other safety devices in an outward manner from the stoma (McCann, 2002). When choosing the pouching system of the patient, the information that was gathered before the operation is heavily relied upon. Other factors to be considered include location of the stoma, its size and shape plus the anatomical location. Pouching system should give anticipated wear time and protect the underlying skin from stool and urine (Colwell, 2003). Most of the pouching systems are designed in a way that the weight is light, easy to maintain and odor-proof (Colwell, Carmel and Goldberg, 2001). One of the most important components of the pouching systems is the skin barrier because it protects the peristomal skin from stool and urine (Colwell, 2004). Skin barriers can be found in either cut-to fit or pre-cut product. The pre-cut models are meant for the round stomas. Barrier opening should fit stoma size to limit the probability of the urine and stool coming into contact with the peristomal skin. The cut-to fit models can be used in oval stomas or the ones which are irregular in shape. The cut-to fit barriers are the commonly recommended in initial postoperative stage because the size of the stoma will reduce for not less than six to eight weeks from the day the surgery was performed. A large skin barrier may cause peristomal skin problems resulting from the exposure to stool or urine (Colwell, 2004).

Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy Essay -- essays research papers

Looking Backward   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book Looking Backward was written by Edward Bellamy and published in the year 1888. Bellamy started off his career as a journalist but then married and decided to devote his efforts to writing fiction novels. Looking Backward was published and Bellamy was famous. The book stirred around the country and had people imagining a world like the one Bellamy created in his book. The idea of a utopia as the one he describes is unbelievable. His book is what people, of even now in the twenty first century, wish the world could possible be like. However, Bellamy’s world of reasoning and judging of people based on the inner beliefs was not what people of then or now do. Bellamy’s book showed a world of rationality being applied to create a world of down right good and generous people. If rationality was every used to create a wholesome war-hearted society than the picture that Bellamy envisioned would be true today. Bellamy built his utopia upon the positio n that individuals did not compete with one another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story starts with a preface that explains the sum of the story. The story introduces the fact that Bellamy is writing as if it is already the twentieth century and the world is looked at through rationality. Bellamy uses the character Julian West to represent industrialization and how his utopia are used as the answers is used as the answers to industrialization problems, and Dr. Leete to represe...

Provide two reasons why Medicaid violations do not generally receive media attention Essay

One of the most frequent crimes of the affluent and the high-class of the society is Medicaid fraud. These frauds can be committed by several parties including the recipients and the providers. Medicaid is a government program that utilizes the taxpayer’s money to provide healthcare to the low income groups of the society. It is basically setup to help the weaker sections of the society including individuals above the age of 65, the disabled, the medically compromised and the low-income groups. The nations would be happy if the money is spending to help people in need, but frequently several providers and recipients indulge in fraud and abuse of the funds set aside under Medicaid. Some of the abuses committed by recipients include forging prescription, giving the medical card to another party, using several cards, duplicating or consuming excessive healthcare services, and selling the items received under Medicaid to others. Some of the abuses that can be committed by the providers include providing false bills, duplicating bills, providing unwanted medical care, doing unnecessary tests, billing in excess, compromising the quality of care under Medicaid services, and including the names of others in the bills (NY State, 2006). One of the reasons why Medicaid violations are not given great amount of media attention is because these crimes are usually committed by affluent. These crimes are often great amount of protection and secrecy, so as to gain for profit. In the US, it is estimated that Medicaid fraud cost the nation about forty billion dollars in the year 1993. Usually, a certain person rather than an organization would be involved in committing a Medicaid fraud. The White collar staffs who commit these crimes frequently think that they are above the law. They feel that committing such crimes is justified as it is anyway a part of the system. They would go to any extent to cover their crimes. The media would not like to get involved in covering such events, as they feel that they would later be harassed by the White collared staff. Besides, they also feel that they would not be getting any kind of requests they may have, as the white collared staff would be using their powers to avenge for the media attention given. It is found that the business-minded white collared staffs are more frequently involved in committing Medicaid frauds rather than the professional staff (Cullen, 2008). The media feels that the people who are victims by the crimes of Medicaid fraud are usually not the class who would be customers to their services. They may find that covering such events would not be beneficial to them in anyway, and would instead get them in bad looks with the high-class. The poor, elders and the disabled are less likely to be customers of the media services. They would also not stand up to fight their rights. The beneficiaries of Medicaid frequently are not aware of their rights. They may be often abused or neglected by the healthcare organization which may include the white collared staff. Frequently, the person getting abused may be physically and mentally helpless and would depend on the care provider for help. However, the care giver would be providing low quality healthcare and instead use the funds other Medicaid for other purposes (including gaining profits). Medicaid fraud is a criminal offence and involves abusing taxpayer’s money. It has been set aside for helping the weaker sections of the society, but instead these funds are ending up in the hands of the rich, thus making the rich richer and the poor poorer. At any cost, the media would have to change their policy of reporting cases of Medicaid fraud to the public.

Free Essays on Examination of Sexuality

Alfred C. Kinsey argued in 1948, â€Å"It would encourage clearer thinking on these matters [of labeling homosexuals] if persons were not characterized as heterosexual or homosexual, but as individuals who have had certain amounts of heterosexual experience and homosexual experience. Instead of using these terms as substantives (real and apparent entities) which stand for persons, †¦they may be better used to describe the nature of overt sexual relations, or of the stimuli to which an individual erotically responds.† Here I shall look at this statement regarding sexuality and gender from a sociological perspective on deviance. In this discussion, I will address the following questions: What role does sexuality (and gender) play in society? How are these categories constructed? How are they maintained? What do these categories reveal about important configurations of power in American society? The â€Å"social construction† of the category of gender has had its roots firmly planted since biblical times: from the creation of the female, Eve for man (so Adam would not be lonely) to the 1800s when women were not allowed (by men) the right to vote. It has been prevalent in marriage ceremonies as brides promised to â€Å"honor and obey† their husbands (although the â€Å"obey† part seems to be absent recently). The role of the male being dominant or superior to the female is one that insists on transcending time despite modern day efforts for gender equality in society. We (society) constructed this category based on a patriarchal system that places the primacy of masculinity above all else. Gender ensures a distinction between male and female, affirming male dominance over the weaker female. Moreover, the dichotomy of the patriarchy over all else that threaten it must be maintained through continual reaffirmation and reinforcement. The reinforcement of gender roles and boundaries through societal constructs is shown in Woodhouse’... Free Essays on Examination of Sexuality Free Essays on Examination of Sexuality Alfred C. Kinsey argued in 1948, â€Å"It would encourage clearer thinking on these matters [of labeling homosexuals] if persons were not characterized as heterosexual or homosexual, but as individuals who have had certain amounts of heterosexual experience and homosexual experience. Instead of using these terms as substantives (real and apparent entities) which stand for persons, †¦they may be better used to describe the nature of overt sexual relations, or of the stimuli to which an individual erotically responds.† Here I shall look at this statement regarding sexuality and gender from a sociological perspective on deviance. In this discussion, I will address the following questions: What role does sexuality (and gender) play in society? How are these categories constructed? How are they maintained? What do these categories reveal about important configurations of power in American society? The â€Å"social construction† of the category of gender has had its roots firmly planted since biblical times: from the creation of the female, Eve for man (so Adam would not be lonely) to the 1800s when women were not allowed (by men) the right to vote. It has been prevalent in marriage ceremonies as brides promised to â€Å"honor and obey† their husbands (although the â€Å"obey† part seems to be absent recently). The role of the male being dominant or superior to the female is one that insists on transcending time despite modern day efforts for gender equality in society. We (society) constructed this category based on a patriarchal system that places the primacy of masculinity above all else. Gender ensures a distinction between male and female, affirming male dominance over the weaker female. Moreover, the dichotomy of the patriarchy over all else that threaten it must be maintained through continual reaffirmation and reinforcement. The reinforcement of gender roles and boundaries through societal constructs is shown in Woodhouse’...

Free Essays on Long Days Journey Into Night

Eugene O’Neill In Long Day’s Journey into Night, widely regarded as his last and greatest true masterpiece, Eugene O’Neill gambles with his skill as an objective playwright by drawing potentially explosive material from his own life. Fortunately for both audiences and the author, who knew well the frustration of producing failed experiments, rather than being swallowed in sentimental self-pity and recriminations, the play contains much of O’Neill’s finest writing, and it maintains its reputation as a pinnacle in American theatre. The highly concentrated work deals with the serious personal issues of four family members as they unsuccessfully grapple with their individual failings and collective deterioration. Although external agents have introduced corruption into the Tyrone family, O’Neill uses his characters to show that withholding mutual support and efforts to understand one another in times of crisis brings sorrow and further familial decay. Although the y sincerely love each other, the characters in O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey isolate themselves from each other and the reality of their problems, and consequently they are unable to counter the corrupting influence of their personal demons. The pervasive central image in the play, suggested as early as the very title, is that of the approachingand finally envelopingnight. This night, and the fog which accompanies it, physically embody the sense of isolation that smothers the Tyrones’ house. Although the sun shines through the windows in the morning (12), Mary knows in the first act that the fog will return with the night (41), and by early afternoon the haze is collecting over the nearby water (82). Mary identifies her loneliness with the fog when she tells her husband, â€Å"It’s very dreary and sad to be here alone in the fog with night falling† (112). In addition to symbolizing natural isolation, the fog also comes to represent Mary’s... Free Essays on Long Days Journey Into Night Free Essays on Long Days Journey Into Night Eugene O’Neill In Long Day’s Journey into Night, widely regarded as his last and greatest true masterpiece, Eugene O’Neill gambles with his skill as an objective playwright by drawing potentially explosive material from his own life. Fortunately for both audiences and the author, who knew well the frustration of producing failed experiments, rather than being swallowed in sentimental self-pity and recriminations, the play contains much of O’Neill’s finest writing, and it maintains its reputation as a pinnacle in American theatre. The highly concentrated work deals with the serious personal issues of four family members as they unsuccessfully grapple with their individual failings and collective deterioration. Although external agents have introduced corruption into the Tyrone family, O’Neill uses his characters to show that withholding mutual support and efforts to understand one another in times of crisis brings sorrow and further familial decay. Although the y sincerely love each other, the characters in O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey isolate themselves from each other and the reality of their problems, and consequently they are unable to counter the corrupting influence of their personal demons. The pervasive central image in the play, suggested as early as the very title, is that of the approachingand finally envelopingnight. This night, and the fog which accompanies it, physically embody the sense of isolation that smothers the Tyrones’ house. Although the sun shines through the windows in the morning (12), Mary knows in the first act that the fog will return with the night (41), and by early afternoon the haze is collecting over the nearby water (82). Mary identifies her loneliness with the fog when she tells her husband, â€Å"It’s very dreary and sad to be here alone in the fog with night falling† (112). In addition to symbolizing natural isolation, the fog also comes to represent Mary’s...

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Philosophy - Essay Example affected by an action are to be taken into account and given the same weight as the like interests of any other being.†3 As a result, no distinction is to be made between the rights of human beings and the right of animals, and according preferential treatment to human beings as opposed to animals would be morally and ethically a wrong principle. However, the question that arises in this context is, can animals be ascribed a moral status that is equal to human beings? They are sentient beings just like us and they also feel pain, therefore it would be morally and ethically wrong to kill them or cause them pain. Should they then be accorded equal consideration as human beings in terms of the rights that are accorded to them? Singer has defined specicism as â€Å"a prejudice or attitude of bias towards the interests of members of one’s own species and against those of members of other species.†4 As a result, human beings apply a double standard, whereby human beings are accorded a privileged moral status while non humans are not. According to Wise, human rights are a function of human autonomy, which implies a high level of moral reasoning, and such autonomy cannot exist independently of human dignity.5 Since animals do not possess this power to reason and make moral choice, this implies that they are on a plane that is inferior to human beings. Cohen argues that a person who is entitled to a right should be in a position to recognise â€Å"possible conflicts between what is in their own interest and what is just. Only in a community of beings capable of self restricting moral judgments can the concept of a right be correctly invoked.† On this basis, he also rejects Singer’s argument which argues for animals to have equal rights, on the basis that mentally regressive human beings are incapable of moral judgments and yet are accorded rights. Cohen states instead that the test for moral judgment cannot be one that is â€Å"administered to humans one by one.†6

The CIO'S In Public Service Sector And Private Service Sector Assignment

The CIO'S In Public Service Sector And Private Service Sector - Assignment Example The role of the CIO in regards to public sector is at formative level but well developed in the private sector. It is through this fact, that challenges and opportunities ought to be identified in the public service sector. Despite the fact that government is viewed as the entire enterprise, some other departments in a government operate with their own mission, goals and visions with the CIO being a position. The CIO being an official government role, it has been present in most government enterprises for the last have a centaury. The organizations during this period were undergoing revolutions as far as Information technology is concern. More resources are being invested in the IT with the top executive officers being well aware of their business competitors by use of the information technology to have the upper hand in globally growing market place. On the other hand, the private sector being aware of the importance has experienced the gains of an officer who manages the informatio n technology and the assets of the organization for the last two decades. During the time the private sector were experiencing the gains of the implementation of the CIO in their structures, the public sector was still recognizing the new position of the executive. The interesting thing to note is that when the organizations in the private sector implemented the CIO’s as early as early 80’s, the government appointed the CIO as late as 2003. This therefore translate that public sector is two decades behind the counterparts in the private sector in the appointment of an executive in charge of the information (Portela, Carvalho, Varajao & Magalhaes, 2010). The recognition of the significance of the appointment of CIO is affected by the high rates of labor turnover in both public and private sectors. Particularly in the public sector, instability acquired as a result of high rate of turnover lead to the assumption that the crucial role at the infancy development stage has never been implemented sufficiently and aligned together with policies and the strategies of the government. Recognition of the role of the CIO is what has been considered to be a reticence in terms of the significances as it may be plagued by huge turnover rates both in the public and private service sectors. Specifically in the public service sector, there are severe rates of turnover which has caused instability can be assumed that the role in the publi c sector which is seen to be still at the infancy stage in terms of its development has not been fully implemented as I is suppose to be so that it can match with the policies and strategies laid by the government. In this paper, the role of the CIO will be discussed, in a further note; a comparison will be made on how the private and public service sectors grant authorities to their CIO and the roles they play in their organization. A future expectations of the CIO will also be give in the paper concerning their roles and responsibilities of the public service sectors as they are experienced by the private service sector. The paper will finally conclude by giving useful CIO roles that are emerging in the public sector (Schubert, 2004). Role of the CIO Early in the 80s, the CIO was considered to be responsible for the senior execution of corporate information policies standards and controlling of management in the information resources. In this case the CIO was considered not only a s a technical expert but also a manager. The attributes of a CIO at the time was management, information technology specialist, management, political, communication skills, and organizational skills in order to have an understanding of how to go about in

Mastering Technology- Operations and Supply chain managment Assignment

Mastering Technology- Operations and Supply chain managment - Assignment Example Best value supply chains are designed to deliver superior services to customers in terms of the five performance objectives-quality, speed, dependability, flexibility, and cost. This paper will discuss Toyota Motor Corporation’s performance in the light of these five performance objectives and assess how the application of modern techniques in operations management can support the organisation’s five performance objectives. A brief overview of the TMC Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC), simply termed as Toyota, is a Japan based multinational automaker. The organisation was founded on 28th August 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda. In 2011, Toyota was the world’s third largest automobile manufacture in terms of production and the company employed 300,734 people globally as of 2010. Toyota Motor Corporation is the part of the Toyota Group and has a presence in almost all parts of the globe. Performance objectives of TMC According to Slack et al, quality, speed, dependability, fle xibility, and cost represent a basic set of five performance objectives that can be applied to all operations (Kossmann 2006, p.45). In the following session, Toyota’s performance is discussed in the light of these five performance objectives Quality Quality is the most important performance objective because it is believed to be the major factor influencing the performance of organisations. â€Å"Quality is defined as the totality of features and characteristics of a product, process or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs† (Bart 2006, p.179). It seems that TMC performs outstandingly in terms of product/service quality. From different third-party customer surveys, Toyota’s vehicles are consistently ranked on the top. In addition, Toyota’s different car models have been selected as â€Å"the car of the year† many times by third party market researches and surveys. The company has developed a series of advanced quality features to limit the emission of unpleasant and harmful fumes and to enhance passenger safety. Toyota has improved quality control and quality assurance systems that have been developed over many years (‘Toyota’s approach to quality). The company considers customer satisfaction as the core of its operations and it fosters the involvement of all employees, from ground level to top level, in quality control activities (ibid). Speed Speed or speed of response is another performance objective and is a criterion for evaluating the operational efficiency of an organisation in terms of doing things fast. In other words, speed can be defined as the time period between the order and delivery of products/services (‘process design’). Every firm tries to minimise this time period, and instead increase speed with intent to provide customers with competitive advantages. TMC has developed simple, flexible, and robust technologies to reduce complexity in its operations s o as to fasten overall supply chain activities. It is interesting to note that the Toyota maintains a high output per worker as compared to other leading multinational automakers; and at the beginning of the 21st century, Toyota Burnaston (UK plant) had achieved an

Medical Marijuana Ethical Issues Essay Example for Free

Medical Marijuana Ethical Issues Essay There are a number of ethical issues that a nurse faces while in the clinical setting. One of these issues deals with using marijuana as medicine to treat patients. There has been controversy over medical marijuana ever since it was discovered that patients respond to it. There are many arguments supporting the use of medical marijuana in the health care field and many arguments in opposition of its use. The United States Congress classifies marijuana as a Schedule I substance meaning it has high abuse potential and is of no medical value. However, â€Å"physicians and the general public alike are in broad agreement that marijuana shows promise in combating diverse medical illnesses â€Å"(Bostwick, 2012). As a nurse, it is important to understand both the pros and cons of medical marijuana before forming an opinion on the issue. Having all the information necessary will allow a nurse to better care for a patient in circumstances where their beliefs and values are different from your own. The number one benefit of marijuana in healthcare is its use in treating symptoms that cannot be controlled as well by other medications. One example of this that has been supported by extensive research is in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy for cancer who have reported that marijuana controls symptoms of nausea and vomiting, increases appetite, and improves sleep. One study, in which 362 participants undergoing chemotherapy who had breast, colon, lung, lymphoma, or other malignancies showed that â€Å"cannabinoids are more effective than placebo and comparable to antiemetics such as prochlorperazine and ondansetron for chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting† (Cotter, 2009). Marijuana is also useful for a variety of psychiatric disorders. According to an article from Clinical Psychiatry News, â€Å"about 75% of respondents said they used marijuana for psychiatric disorders, including bipolar disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and persistent insomnia. Unlike some psychiatric drugs, they said, marijuana didn’t leave them feeling like zombies† (Otto, 2012). Another way marijuana is medically beneficial is in stimulating appetite in patients experiencing weight loss and wasting syndrome associated with AIDS. The results of one experiment, in which THC in the form of dronabinol was studied in patients with AIDS-associated cachexia, â€Å"showed it effective in increasing weight as well as being well tolerated† (Hollister, 2001). These are only a few examples of how medical marijuana has been of benefit. There are numerous other conditions and diseases in which marijuana has been proven to be effective including Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis, Glaucoma, Arthritis, Depression, Anxiety, and Hepatitis C. While marijuana is clearly beneficial in many ways, it is also important to consider the negative effects. One concern is the negative effects of smoking marijuana on the lungs. According to an article from Canadian Nurse, â€Å"Marijuana smoke contains more tar and toxins than tobacco smoke. One joint is equal to two and a half cigarettes in terms of lung damage† (Halpern, 2010). Smoking marijuana over a long period of time can lead to bronchitis and emphysema. Although there are oral â€Å"cannabinoid† medications to prevent problems to the lungs, the oral forms can also have negative side effects including dizziness, sedation, and intoxication. Another negative component to consider is the possibility of becoming addicted to marijuana, which is a big concern to those who use marijuana frequently for therapeutic and nontherapeutic uses. The ethical issue of medical marijuana can have an impact on a nurse’s ability to perform their job. For example, if a patient comes in and lets a nurse know they are smoking marijuana for symptom control because it is the only thing that helps and yet a nurse knows they are acquiring the drug illegally, it poses questions as to whether or not the nurse should support the patient’s continued use or try to talk them into alternatives. A nurse should also be concerned as to whether it is breaking the law and if there could be legal ramifications for not turning the patient in. Many agencies deal with these concerns by offering nurse’s the option to refuse to assist a patient if a situation arises that violates their religious or moral beliefs. However, this is only true in cases where a patient is in no danger. While the issue of marijuana use is still controversial today, a total of eighteen states in the US as well as Washington, DC have enacted laws to legalize medical marijuana. As more states are starting to join in the legalization of medical marijuana, it is important for nurses to know both the pros and cons so they are able to consider their ethical opinion on the issue.